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Basic passion
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Species
(including intellective analogues)
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Causes
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Effects
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| amor (love) |
amor amicitiae (benevolence): the one or group
for
whom good
is willed
amor concupiscentiae: the good willed for that one or
group.
dilectio (involves choice)
caritas (object of great worth)
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goodness,
and, because of goodness:
- cognition of the good
- similarity, either actual or potential
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union
mutual cleaving of lover and beloved
ecstasy
jealousy/zeal
softening
delight in the presence of the beloved and languor
in
the absence of the beloved
fervor
desire and hence all actions in general
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| odium (hate) |
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evil
love of the opposite or contrary
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| concupiscentia
(sense desire)
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natural concupiscence: natural desire for
necessities
like food,
drink, shelter, perpetuation of species, etc
non-natural concupiscence (cupiditas): induced
desire
for more of what is pleasing to the senses than is necessary for nature
(peculiar to man and potentially infinite)
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love
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| fuga (aversion) |
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| delectatio (pleasure) |
natural pleasure: pleasure at the satisfaction
of a
natural
desire
non-natural pleasure: pleasure at the satisfaction of
an acquired
desire
By extention:
- gaudium (joy): delight at the satisfaction of
rational desire:
- laetitia: full-hearted joy
- exultatio: overflowing joy, excitement
- iucunditas: delight, enjoyment, pleasantness
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operation
change
hope and memory
sorrow, insofar as it is (a) is actual and brings the
loved
thing to mind or (b) is remembered and has been alleviated
actions of others
doing good for another
similarity
wonder (desire to know causes) + hope (to find
out)
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expansiveness
desire for pleasure
impeding of the use of reason
perfection of operation
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| dolor (pain) |
By extention: tristitia: sorrow/sadness
at the possession of some
evil/absence
of some good with respect to oneself; includes penance (poenitentia),
i.e., sorrow for one's moral sins
misericordia (pity, compassion, mercy): sorrow at
someone else's
evil or suffering as if it were one's own
invidia (envy): sorrow at someone else's good as if it
were
an evil for oneself; includes jealousy (zelus) or sorrow at the
undeserved good fortune of another) (nemesis)
anxietas/angustia (distress): sorrow in the face of an
evil
that seems inescapable
acedia (torpor/depression): sorrow that debilitates
one by taking
away even the desire to escape.
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conjoined evil or, secondarily, a lost good
desire for unity
an irresistible power that is and remains contrary to
one's inclinations
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loss of the ability to learn
a weighing down of the soul
a weakening of any operation that is done with
sadness, but
a strengthening of any operation by which, given the presence
of
hope, one tries to rid oneself of the sadness
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| spes (hope) |
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whatever makes something possible (e.g. money,
courage, wisdom,
experience, etc.)
whatever makes one think that something is possible
(e.g., either
experience (in some cases) or the lack of experience (in other cases)
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love of that which makes something arduous
possible
for us
helping the operation by which one tries to acquire
the arduous
good
pleasure or delight
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| desperatio (desperation) |
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whatever makes something impossible
whatever makes one think that something is impossible
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hatred of that which makes something arduous
impossible for
us obstructing the operation by which one tries to acquire the
arduous
good
sorrow or sadness
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| timor (fear) |
natural fear: fear of corruptive evils because
of a
natural
desire for being
non-natural fear: fear of a sorrowful evil that is
repugnant
not to nature but to desire
With respect to one's action:
segnities (sluggishness): fear of hard work
erubescentia (timidity, embarrassment): fear of what
others
will think of you if you act in a given way in the future
verecundia (shame, disgrace): fear of what others will
think
of an act that has already been committed
With respect to external evil:
admiratio: fear of some great evil whose outcome one
is not
sufficient to figure out
stupor: fear of an unaccustomed evil that one
considers great
agonia: fear of an unanticipated evil
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love
lack of virtue in the one who fears
strength and power in the object of fear
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shrinking of spirit
openness to counsel
trembling
impeding of operation, especially bodily operations
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| audacia (daring) |
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hope
whatever causes hope (see above)
whatever reduces or banishes fear
wine, etc.
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| ira (anger) |
Note: anger always has two objects: (a) vindication
as a
good and (b) the person or thing that one seeks vindication with
respect
to as something evil. fel (wrath): anger that is
ignited quickly
mania (bitterness): abiding or long-lasting anger;
bitterness
furor (fury): anger that does not subside until there
is vengeance;
anger with a firm resolve to punish
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injury done to one either directly or indirectly--or
memory
thereof
the contempt unjustly shown for you by the one you are
angry with,
viz., disrespect (despectus), obstructing you from doing
something
(epereasmus), or insults (contumelatio)
a particular excellence in the angry person or defect in
the other
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pleasure produced by the hope for and
anticipatory
enjoyment
of vengeance
heatedness
hindering of the use of reason
taciturnity (as when one tries to hold in one's anger
and turns
red in the fact, or as one is so angry one cannot speak)
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