Wolfgang Porod's
Research Interests and Activities

RESEARCH INTERESTS [Goto Top]

• Solid State Physics and Its Application to Solid State Electronics
• Quantum Devices and Architectures for Nanoelectronics
• Reliability, Degradation, and Breakdown
• Limits Imposed by the Laws of Physics on Computation

RESEARCH PROJECTS [Goto Top]

• Quantum Cellular Automata:
  This joint experimental and theoretical research program is aimed at building ultra-dense ultra-fast electronic devices conceived through new physics-based paradigms of computing. Key to our proposal is the idea of employing cellular automata (CA) architectures which are compatible with nanometer-scale quantum devices - thus, quantum cellular automata (QCA). We investigate the possibilities inherent in such arrays through a two-pronged approach: a bottom-up approach in which the functionality following from the particular physics of the array is explored, and a top-down approach in which the physics required to achieve a given functionality is investigated. We formulate and implement a new paradigm for computing with QCA's composed of arrays of quantum cells. Computing in such a paradigm is edge-driven. Input and output occur at the edge of the CA array only; no direct contact to drive internal cells is required. Computing in this paradigm is computing with the ground-state. We let the physics of the array do the computing. The architecture is so designed that the ground state configuration of the array, subject to boundary conditions determined by the input, yields the computational result. We propose a specific realization of these ideas using two-electron cells composed of quantum dots which is within the reach of current fabrication technology. The charge density in the cell is very highly polarized (aligned) along one of the two cell axes, suggestive of a two-state CA. The polarization of one cell induces a polarization in a neighboring cell through the Coulomb interaction in a very nonlinear fashion. QCA's can perform useful computing. We show that AND gates, OR gates, and inverters can be constructed and interconnected. Our goal is to fabricate and test a quantum-dot cell in both Si and GaAs/AlGaAs, and test the bistability in the charge polarization.

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• Circuit Theory for Nanoelectronics:
  This is a collaborative research program to investigate the system applications of novel nanoelectronic devices. In particular, we will focus on locally-interconnected architectures compatible with quantum devices in the few-electron regime. The goal is to match particular nanoelectronic device implementations with appropriate system architectures and computational tasks. We believe that our team is uniquely suited to attack this problem: Two of the PI's, Drs. Ruey-Wen Liu and Yih-Fang Huang, are leaders in the circuits and systems community, and the remaining two, Drs. Craig S. Lent and Wolfgang Porod, are leading device physicists who have recently proposed a nanoelectronic computing technology based on coupled quantum-dot devices. We at Notre Dame have a successful track record of synergistic team work, and we are confident that we will be able to bridge the gap between the traditionally disjoint communities of circuits and systems engineers and device physicists.

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• Electromigration:
  This research program is aimed at an investigation into the basic science of electromigration and local field effects in ultra-narrow interconnects in the mesoscopic regime. The goal of our experimental and theoretical research is to relate the electromigration performance of the metalization to its microstructure and geometry. To our knowledge, virtually no experimental effort has been devoted to an investigation of the electromigration behavior of metal lines below 0.5 um, and especially to less than 0.1 um. We believe that an investigation in this size regime will help to elucidate the basic physical mechanisms responsible for electromigration and will be of great interest to industry. To this end, we plan to fabricate metal structures at these dimensions and below by various techniques including electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. As part of the effort, we plan to utilize our ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to investigate the detailed microstructure of the lines during modification by electromigration. A major component of this project relates to theoretical modeling of electromigration. On the microscopic level, we investigate the theory of current-induced mass transport by evaluating the electron wind force due to the local fields in the vicinity of a migrating metal atom. On a more phenomenological level, we study the effects of this wind force on model metallic structures. Comparison of current and new physical pictures with experimental results plays a major role in this research.

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• Numerical Simulation of Quantum Dots
  This research project is aimed at the realization of coupled quantum dot structures for Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) applications. Parallel to the experimental efort, we undertake numerical simulations for the design of gated delta-doped AlGaAs/GaAs and Si/SiO_2 quantum dot structures in the few-electron regime. The confining potential is obtained from the Poisson equation with a Thomas-Fermi charge model. The electronic states in the quantum dot are then obtained from solutions of the axisymmetric Schrodinger equation. Our model takes into account the effect of surface states by viewing the exposed surface as the interface between the semiconductor and air (or vacuum). We explore various gate configurations and biasing modes. Our simulations so far have shown that the number of electrons can be effectively controlled in the few electron regime with combined enhancement and depletion gates.

STUDENTS AND POSTDOCS [Goto Top]

• Minhan Chen (Ph.D. Candidate). Minhan currently is a part-time student, working for Delco Electronics in Kokomo, Indiana.

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• Qiqing Ouyang (Ph.D. Program).

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• Zhi-an Shao (Ph.D., 1994). After finishing his Ph.D., Zhi-an is staying on as a postdoc in my group.

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• Henry K. Harbury (Ph.D., 1994). Henry now is Director of Science Computing in the College of Science here at Notre Dame.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS (Since '93) [Goto Top]

• A. Imre, G. Csaba, L. Ji, A. Orlov, G. H. Bernstein, and W. Porod,
  “Majority Logic Gate for Magnetic Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Science, in press.

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• G. Csaba, P. Lugli, A. Csurgay, and W. Porod,
  “Simulation of Power Gain and Dissipation in Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  Journal of Computational Electronics 4 (1/2), 105-110 (2005).

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• G. Csaba, W. Porod, and A. I. Csurgay,
  “Activity in Field-Coupled Nanomagnet Arrays,”
  submitted to IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

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• G. H. Bernstein, A. Imre, V. Metlushko, A. Orlov, L. Zhou, L. Ji. G. Csaba, and W. Porod,
  “Magnetic QCA Systems,”
  Microelectronics Journal 36, 619-624 (2005).

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• Pratyush Das Kanungo, Alexandra Imre, Bin Wu, Alexei O. Orlov, Gregory L. Snider, Wolfgang Porod, and Nicholas P. Carter,
  "Gated Hybrid Hall Effect Device on Silicon,"
  Microelectronics Journal 36, 294-297 (2005).

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Nanotechnology: The Possibilities of a New Science,”
  Vital Speeches, Vol. LXXI, No. 4, 125-128 (2004).

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• A. I. Csurgay and W. Porod,
  “Surface Plasmon Waves in Nanoelectronic Circuits,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 32, 339-361 (2004).

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• C. Gerousis, S. M. Goodnick, and W. Porod,
  “Nanoelectronic single-electron transistor circuits and architectures,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 32, 323-338 (2004).

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• W. Porod, Frank Werblin, Leon O. Chua, Tamas Roska, Ángel Rodriguez-Vazquez, Botond Roska, Patrick Fay, Gary Bernstein, Yih-Fang Huang, and Arpad I. Csurgay,
  “Bio-Inspired Nano-Sensor-Enhanced CNN Visual Computer,”
  Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1013, 92-109 (2004).

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• B. Rakos, W. Porod, and A. I. Csurgay,
  “Computing by pulse-driven nandevice arrays,”
  Semiconductor Science and Technology 19, S472–S474 (2004).

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• A. Imre, G. Csaba, V. Metlushko, G. H. Bernstein, and W. Porod,
  “Controlled domain wall motion in micron-scale permalloy square rings,”
  Physica E 19, 240-245 (2003).

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• A. Imre, G. Csaba, A. Orlov, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Investigation of Shape-Dependent Switching of Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  Superlattices and Microstructures 34, 513-518 (2003).

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• B. Rakos, A. I. Csurgay, and W. Porod,
  “Recovering Pure States in Two-State Quantum Systems,”
  Superlattices and Microstructures 34, 503-507 (2003).

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• W.Porod, G. Csaba, and A.I. Csurgay,
  “The Role of Field Coupling in Nano-Scale Cellular Nonlinear Networks,”
  Special Issue on Cellular Neural/Nonlinear Networks,
  International Journal of Neural Systems 13 (6), 387-395 (2003).

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• G. Csaba and W. Porod,
  “Restoration of Magnetization Distributions from Joint Magnetic Force Microscopy Measurements and Micromagnetic Simulations,”
  Journal of Computational Electronics 2, 225-229 (2003).

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• G. Csaba, W. Porod, and A. I. Csurgay,
  “A computing architecture composed of field-coupled single-domain nanomagnets clocked by magnetic fields,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 31, 67-82 (2003).

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• A. I. Csurgay, W. Porod, and B. Rakos,
  “Signal processing by pulse-driven molecular arrays,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 31, 55-66 (2003).

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• G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Nanocompting by Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 1 (4), 209-213 (2002).

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• G. Csaba and W. Porod,
  “Simulation of Field-Coupled Computing Architectures Based on Magnetic Dot Arrays,”
  Journal of Computational Electronics 1, 87-91 (2002).

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Nanoelectronic Circuit Architectures,” in
  Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, chapter 5, pp. 5.1 – 5.10, eds. William A. Goddard III et al. (CRC Press, 2002).

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• X. Wang and W. Porod,
  “Analytic I-V model for Single-Electron Transistors,”
  VLSI Design 13 (Nos.1-4), 189-192 (2001).

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• G. Csaba, A. I. Csurgay, and W. Porod,
  “Computing architecture composed of next-neighbor- coupled optically pumped nanodevices,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 29, 73--91 (2001).

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• Arpad I. Csurgay and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Equivalent circuit representation of arrays composed of Coulomb-coupled nanoscale devices: modelling, simulation and realizability,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 29, 3-35 (2001).

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• C. Gerousis, S. M. Goodnick, and W. Porod,
  “Toward nanoelectronic cellular neural networks,”
  International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 28, 523-535 (2000).

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• X. Wang and W. Porod,
  “Single-electron transistor analytic I-V model for SPICE simulations,”
  Superlattices and Microstructures 28 (5/6), 345-349 (2000).

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• Arpad I. Csurgay, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S. Lent,
  “Signal Processing with Near-Neighbor-Coupled Time-Varying Quantum-Dot Arrays,”
  IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I 47 (8), 1212-1223 (2000).

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• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata: Line and Majority Logic Gate,”
  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, 7227-7229 (1999).

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• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, X. Zuo, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Quantum-dot cellular automata: Review and recent experiments” (invited),
  Journal of Applied Physics 85 (8), 4283-4285 (1999).

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• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  MicroElectronic Engineering 47, 261 - 263 (1999).

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• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, X. Zhuo, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 17, 1394 - 1398 (1999).

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• Wolfgang Porod, Craig S. Lent, Gary H. Bernstein, Alexei O. Orlov, Islamshah Amlani, Gregory L. Snider, and James L. Merz,
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata: Computing with Coupled Quantum Dots,”
  Invited Paper in the Special Issue on Single Electronics,
  International Journal of Electronics 86 (No. 5), 549 - 590 (1999).

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Devices and Architectures,”
  International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 9 (No. 1), 37 - 63 (1998).

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• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Experimental demonstration of a quantum-dot cellular automata,”
  Semiconductor Science and Technology 13, A130 - A134 (1998).

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• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “A Functional Cell for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Solid-State Electronics 42, 1355 - 1359 (1998).

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• Per Hyldgaard, Henry K. Harbury, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Electrostatic Formation of Coupled Si/ SiO2 Quantum Dot Systems,”
  VLSI Design 8, 555 -558 (1998).

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S. Lent,
  “2D Finite Element Method Simulation of Lateral Resonant Tunneling Devices,”
  VLSI Design 6, 131-135 (1998).

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• Minhan Chen and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Simulation of Quantum-Dot Structures in Si/SiO2,”
  VLSI Design 6, 335-339 (1998).

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• Henry K. Harbury and W. Porod,
  “Parallel Computation for Electronic Waves in Quantum Corrals,”
  VLSI Design 6, 47-51 (1998).

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Quantum-Dot Devices and Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Journal of the Franklin Institute 334B, 1147 - 1175 (1997).

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Quantum Dot Devices and Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 7, 2199 - 2218 (1997).

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• W. Porod, C. S. Lent, G. Toth, H. Luo, A. Csurgay, Y.-F. Huang, and R.-W. Liu, (Invited),
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Nonlinear Networks: Computing with Locally-Connected Quantum Dot Arrays,”
  Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Circuits and Systems in the Information Age, pp. 745 - 748 (1997).

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• Geza Toth, Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, Yuriy Brazhnik, Weiwen Weng, Wolfgang Porod, Ruey-Wen Liu, and Yih-Fang Huang,
  “Quantum Cellular Neural Networks,”
  Superlattices and Microstructures 20, 473 - 477 (1996).

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• Gary H. Bernstein, Greg Bazan, Minhan Chen, Craig S. Lent, James L. Merz, Alexei O. Orlov, Wolfgang Porod, Greg L. Snider, and P. Douglas Tougaw,
  “Practical Issues in the Realization of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Superlattices and Microstructures 20, 447 - 459 (1996).

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Modeling Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Devices and Architectures,”
  Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. by M. Scheffler and R. Zimmermann, pp. 3251 - 3258 (World Scientific, 1996).

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S. Lent,
  “Valley Current Reduction in Lateral Resonant Tunneling,'” in
  Hot Carriers in Semiconductors, ed. by. K. Hess, J.-P. Leburton, and U. Ravaioli, pp. 555-557 (Plenum Press, 1996).

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• Henry K. Harbury and Wolfgang Porod,
  "Elastic Scattering Theory for Electronic Waves in Quantum Corrals,''
  Physical Review B , in print. [ abs , src , ps ]

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S. Lent,
  ``Transmission Zero Engineering in Lateral Double-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Devices,''
  Applied Physics Letters 68 , April 8 issue (1996). [ abs , src , ps ]

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, Craig S. Lent, and David J. Kirkner,
  ``An Eigenvalue Method for Open-Boundary Quantum Transmission Problems,''
  Journal of Applied Physics 78 , 2177 - 2186 (1995). [ abs , src , ps ]

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• Minhan Chen and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Design of Gate-Confined Quantum Dot Structures in the Few-Electron Regime,''
  Journal of Applied Physics 78, 1050 - 1057 (1995). [ abs , src , ps ]

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• Zhi-an Shao and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Resonance Formalism for the Transmission Probability of Symmetrical Multibarrier Resonant Tunneling Structures,''
  Physical Review B 51 , 1931 - 1934 (1995).

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• Stephen M. Goodnick and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Third International Workshop on Computational Electronics,''
  IEEE Computational Science and Engineering , 92 - 93 (Fall 94).

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• Henry K. Harbury and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Quantum Scattering States in Open Two-Dimensional Electronic Systems,''
  Journal of Applied Physics 75 , 5142 - 5149 (1994). [ abs , src , ps ]

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S. Lent,
  ``Transmission Resonances and Zeros in Quantum Waveguide Systems with Attached Resonators,''
  Physical Review B 49 , 7453 - 7465 (1994).

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• Minhan Chen, Wolfgang Porod, and David J. Kirkner,
  ``A Coupled Finite Element/Boundary Element Method for Semiconductor Quantum Devices with Exposed Surfaces,''
  Journal of Applied Physics 75 , 2545 - 2554 (1994).

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• Wolfgang Porod, Zhi-an Shao, and Craig S. Lent,
  ``Resonance-Antiresonance Line Shape for Transmission in Quantum Waveguides with Resonantly-Coupled Cavities,''
  Physical Review B 48 , 8495 - 8498 (1993).

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• P. Douglas Tougaw, Craig S. Lent, and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Bistable Saturation in Coupled Quantum-Dot Cells,''
  Journal of Applied Physics 74 , 3558 - 3566 (1993).

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• Henry K. Harbury, Wolfgang Porod, and Stephen M. Goodnick,
  ``A Novel Quantum Wire Formed by Lateral p-n-p Junctions Between Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron and Hole Systems at Corrugated GaAs/AlGaAs Interfaces,''
  Journal of Applied Physics 73 , 1509 - 1520 (1993).

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• Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, Wolfgang Porod, and Gary H. Bernstein,
  ``Quantum Cellular Automata,''
  Nanotechnology 4 , 49 - 57 (1993).

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• Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Bistable saturation in coupled quantum dots for quantum cellular automata,''
  Applied Physics Letters 62 , 714 - 716 (1993).

CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS [Goto Top]

• J. Su, H. Yang, W. Porod, P. J. Fay, G. H. Bernstein,
  “Laterally driven electrostatic actuators with extended travel range,”
  SPIE Photonics West 2006 Symposium, MOEMS, Display, Imaging, and Miniaturized Microsystems Conference,
  San Jose, California, January 2006.

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• H. Yang, J. Su, W. Porod, P. J. Fay, G. H. Bernstein,
  “Design and fabrication of a tunable Fabry-Perot interferometer/ photodiode (FPI/PD) spectral image sensor for visible wavelengths,”
  SPIE Photonics West 2006 Symposium, MOEMS, Display, Imaging, and Miniaturized Microsystems Conference,
  San Jose, California, January 2006.

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• Alexandra Imre, Lili Ji, Gyorgy Csaba, Alexei Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, and Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Magnetic Logic Devices Based on Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS-05),
  Bethesda, Maryland, 7-9 December, 2005.

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• Jeffrey Bean, John McRaven, Balázs Rakos, Gary Bernstein, Patrick Fay, Wolfgang Porod,
  “Antenna-Coupled Metal-Oxide-Metal Diodes for Terahertz Detection,”
  7th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscpic Structures and the
  5th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices - NPMS-7/SIMD-5,
  Maui, Hawaii, November/December 2005.

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• Lili Ji, Alexandra Imre, Edit Varga, Alexei Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Domain Wall Trapping in Magnetic Wires by Nanomagnets,”
  7th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscpic Structures and the
  5th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices - NPMS-7/SIMD-5,
  Maui, Hawaii, November/December 2005.

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• L. Ji, E. Varga, A. Wolf, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, A. Orlov, and W. Porod,
  “Investigation of different wire geometries for magnetization reversal and domain-wall trapping in submicron permalloy wires,“
  50th Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM 2005),
  San Jose, California, October/November 2005.

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• Alexandra Imre, Gyorgy Csaba, Lili Ji, Alexei Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Magnetic Logic Gates Based on Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  50th Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM 2005),
  San Jose, California, October/November 2005.

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• Gary H. Bernstein, Alexandra Imre, Koshala Sarveswaran, Marya Lieberman, and Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Talk),
  “Fabrication and Demonstration of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Systems,”
  2005 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (SSDM-2005),
  Kobe, Japan, September 2005.

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• Árpád I. Csurgay, Wolfgang Porod, and Stephen Goodnick, (Plenary Presentation),
  “The Circuit Paradigm in Nanoelectronics - Field-Coupled and Hybrid Nanoelectronic Circuits,”
  European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'05;
  Cork, Ireland, August/September 2005.

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• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Presentation),
  “Emerging Nanoelectronic Device Technologies,”
  workshop on 'Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials'
  2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,
  Chicago, Illinois, August 2005.

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• Balázs Rakos, Heng Yang, Jeffrey A. Bean, Gary H. Bernstein, Patrick Fay, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Investigation of Antenna-Coupled MOM Diodes for Infrared Sensor Applications,”
  14th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors,
  Chicago, Illinois, July 2005.

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• Alexandra Imre, Lili Ji, György Csaba, Alexei Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Logic gates featuring field-coupled nanomagnets,”
  2005 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW),
  Kyoto, Japan, June 2005.

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• E. Horváth, A. Imre, A. L. Tóth, and W. Porod,
  “Patterning of Magnetic Nanoobjects by FIB,”
  XIIth International Conference on Electron Microscopy of Solids (EM2005),
  Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, June 2005.

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• Wolfgang Porod, (Plenary Presentation),
  “Emerging Nanoelectronic Device and Circuit Technologies,”
  Italian National Electrical Engineering Conference (ET 2005),
  Rome, Italy, June 2005.

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• Wolfgang Porod, (Plenary Presentation),
  “Emerging Nanoelectronic Device Technologies,”
  SPIE Microtechnologies for the New Millennium 2005 Symposium,
  Sevilla, Spain, May 2005.

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• Wolfgang Porod, Alexandra Imre, Gyorgy Csaba, Lili Ji, Alexei Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, and Vitali Metlushko,
  “Field-coupled nanomagnets for logic applications,”
  SPIE Microtechnologies for the New Millennium 2005 Symposium, Nanotechnology conference (EMT103),
  Sevilla, Spain, May 2005.

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• Alexandra Imre, Lili Ji, Gyorgy Csaba, Alexei Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, and Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Magnetic Logic Devices Based on Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  Second Conference on Nanoscale Devices & System Integration (NDSI 2005),
  Houston, Texas, April 2005.

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• Pashang Esfandiari, G. Bernstein, P. Fay, W. Porod, B. Rakos, A. Zarandy, B. Berland, L. Boloni, G. Boreman, B Lail, B. Monacelli, and A. Weeks, (Invited),
  “Tunable Antenna-Coupled Metal-Oxide (MOM) Uncooled IR Detector,”
  SPIE Defense and Security Symposium 2005, Infrared Technology and Applications Conference,
  Orlando, Florida, March 2005.

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• Alexandra Imre, Gyorgy Csaba, Paolo Lugli, Gary Bernstein, V. Metlushko, and W. Porod,
  “Magnetic Logic Devices,”
  Advanced Heterostructure Workshop,
  Kohala Koast, Hawaii, December 2004.

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• Pratyush Das Kanungo, Alexandra Imre, Bin Wu, Alexei O. Orlov, Gregory L. Snider, Wolfgang Porod, and Nicholas P. Carter,
  "Gated Hybrid Hall Effect Device on Silicon,"
  Fifth International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD),
  Cancun, Mexico, December 2004.

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• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Nanotechnology: Shaping the World Atom by Atom,”
  Speaker Club Series,
  The Metropolitan Club, New York, New York, November 2004.

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• Gary H. Bernstein and W. Porod,
  “Nanotechnology: Overview and Relevance to Biology,”
  2004 National Association for Biology Teachers (NABT) National Convention,
  Chicago, Illinois, November 2004.

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• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Participant),
  2nd Annual National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference,
  Arnold & Mabel Beckman Center, Irvine California, November 2004.

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• E. Horváth, A. Imre, A. L. Tóth, and W. Porod,
  “Application of Focused Ion Beam Milling for Shaping Nanomagnets,”
  2nd Szeged International Workshop on Advances in Nanoscience,
  Szeged, Hungary, October 2004.

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• G. Csaba, P. Lugli, A. Csurgay, and W. Porod, (Invited),
  “Simulation of Power Gain and Dissipation in Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  10th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE-10),
  Purdue University, Indiana, October 2004.

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• G. H. Bernstein, A. Imre, V. Metlushko, A. Orlov, L. Zhou, L. Ji, G. Csaba, and W. Porod, (Invited),
  “Magnetic QCA systems,”
  European Micro and Nano Systems 2004 - EMN04,
  ESIEE, Noisy le Grand, Paris, France, October 2004.

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• Gyorgy Cserey, Andras Falus, Wolfgang Porod, and Tamas Roska,
  “An Artificial Immune System based Visual Analysis Model and its Real-Time Terrain Surveillance Application,”
  3rd International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems,
  Catania, Italy, September 2004

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• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Panelist),
  “Teaching Nanotechnology,”
  Fourth IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2004,
  Munich, Germany, August 2004.

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• Wolfgang Porod and Arpad I. Csurgay, (Invited),
  “Circuit Models for Physically-Coupled Nanoelectronic Device Architectures,”
  Fourth IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2004,
  Munich, Germany, August 2004.

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• A. Imre, L. Zhou, A. Orlov, G. Csaba, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Application of mesoscopic magnetic rings for logic devices,”
  Fourth IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2004,
  Munich, Germany, August 2004.

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• G. Csaba, P. Lugli, W. Porod,
  “Power Dissipation in Nanomagnetic Logic Devices,”
  Fourth IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2004,
  Munich, Germany, August 2004.

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• Wolfgang Porod and Arpad I. Csurgay, (Plenary Talk),
  “Emerging Nanoelectronic Device and Circuit Architectures,”
  8th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA 2004),
  Budapest, Hungary, July 2004.

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• J. McRaven, M. Scheutz, Gy. Cserey, V. Andronache, and W. Porod,
  “Fast Detection and Tracking of Faces in Uncontrolled Environments for Autonomous Robots Using the CNN-UM,”
  8th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA 2004),
  Budapest, Hungary, July 2004.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, Gary Bernstein, Patrick Fay, and Arpad Csurgay,
  “Toward Hyperspectral Nanoscale Sensor Arrays for CNN-UM,”
  Technology Assessment Meeting on Cellular (CNN) Sensing-Computing-Activating Technology,
  Budapest, Hungary, July 2004.

  ---

• Alexandra Imre, György Csaba, Gary Bernstein, Wolfgang Porod, and Vitali Metlushko,
  “Shape Engineering of Dipole-Coupled Nanomagnets for Magnetic Logic,”
  Metallic Multilayers Symposium,
  Boulder, Colorado, June 2004.

  ---

• Alexandra Imre, György Csaba, Gary Bernstein, Wolfgang Porod, and Vitali Metlushko,
  “Shape Engineering of Dipole-Coupled Nanomagnets for Magnetic Logic Devices,”
  2004 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop,
  Honolulu, Hawaii, June 2004.

  ---

• A. Imre, G. Csaba, L. Zhou, A. Orlov, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Shape Engineering of Dipole-Coupled Nanomagnets for Magnetic Logic Devices,“
  62nd Device Research Conference (DRC),
  University of Notre Dame, Indiana, June 2004.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Participant),
  “Magnetic QCA,”
  ONR Spintronics/Nanomagnetics Workshop,
  UC Santa Barbara, California, June 2004.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Panelist),
  “New Era of Technology” Forum,
  2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS),
  Vancouver, Canada, May 2004.

  ---

• Gy. Cserey, A. Falus, W. Porod, and T. Roska,
  “An Artificial Immunesystem for Visual Applications with CNN-UM,”
  2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS),
  Vancouver, Canada, May 2004.

  ---

• V. Metlushko, U. Welp, V.Vlasko-Vlasov, G. Crabtree, M. Grimsditch, V. Novosad, J. Hiller, N. Zaluzec, P. Vavassori, B. Ilic, Xiaobin Zhu, P. Grütter, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, J. Bekaert, V. V. Moshchalkov, and Y. Bruynseraede, (Invited),
  “Magnetic Ring Devices for Memory and Logic Applications,”
  IEEE Nanoscale Devices and System Integration (NDSI) 2004,
  Miami, Florida, February, 2004.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Panelist),
  “Biologically-Inspired Cellular Machine Architectures,”
  NBIC Convergence (Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology, and Cognitive Science),
  New York City, New York, February 2004.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, “Reversibility, Maxwell's Demon, and Computation,”
  34th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics,
  Snowbird, Utah, January 2004.

  ---

• G. Csaba and W. Porod,
  "Logic Devices Built from Molecular Magnets,”
  6th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscpic Structures and the
  4th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices - NPMS-6/SIMD-4,
  Maui, Hawaii, December 2003.

  ---

• A. Imre, G. Csaba, A. Orlov, H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Investigation of Shape-Dependent Switching of Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  6th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscpic Structures and the
  4th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices - NPMS-6/SIMD-4,
  Maui, Hawaii, December 2003.

  ---

• B. Rakos, A. Csurgay, and W. Porod,
  “Restoration of the Quantum-Mechanical Coherence in Two-State Quantum Systems,”
  6th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscpic Structures and the
  4th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices - NPMS-6/SIMD-4,
  Maui, Hawaii, December 2003.

  ---

• L. Zhou, A. Imre, G. Csaba, A. Orlov, H. Bernstein, and W. Porod,
  “Magnetoresistive Measuremet of Patterned Nanomagnet Films,”
  6th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscpic Structures and the
  4th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices - NPMS-6/SIMD-4,
  Maui, Hawaii, December 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Participant),
  1st Annual National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference,
  Arnold & Mabel Beckman Center, Irvine California, November 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod and Arpad Csurgay,
  “Emerging Nanoelectronic Device and Circuit Technologies,”
  Special Session 'Nanoelectronic Circuits'
  European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'03,
  Krakow, Poland, September 2003

  ---

  .
• G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. Bernstein, A. Csurgay, and W. Porod,
  “Circuit Simulations for Single-Domain Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  Special Session 'Nanoelectronic Circuits'
  European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'03,
  Krakow, Poland, September 2003.

  ---

• Stephen M. Goodnick, Costa Gerousis, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Simulation of Single-Electron Transistor CNN Cells,”
  Special Session 'Nanoelectronic Circuits'
  European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'03,
  Krakow, Poland, September 2003.

  ---

• Balazs Rakos, Arpad Csurgay, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Computations by Pulse-Driven Quantum-Dot and Molecular Arrays,”
  2nd International Workshop on Quantum Dots for Quantum Computing - IWQDQC,
  Notre Dame, Indiana, August 2003

  ---

• . G. Csaba and W. Porod,
  “Field-Coupled Computing by Molecular Magnets,”
  2nd International Workshop on Quantum Dots for Quantum Computing - IWQDQC,
  Notre Dame, Indiana, August 2003.

  ---

• A. Imre, G. Csaba, A. Orlov, G. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Investigtaion of Antiferromagnetic Ordering along Chains of Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2003,
  San Francisco, California, August 2003.

  ---

• S. Baglio, S. Castorina, L. Fortuna, G. Bernstein, and W. Porod,
  “Integrated Optical Nanosystems with an Embedded In-Line Thermo-Optic Modulator,”
  IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2003,
  San Francisco, California, August 2003.

  ---

• U. Welp, V.V. Vlasko-Vlasov, G. Crabtree, M. Grimsditch, V. Novosad, J. Hiller, N. Zaluzec, B. Ilic, Xiaobin Zhu, P. Grütter, G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. Bernstein, W. Porod, J. Bekaert, V. Moshchalkov, Y. Bruynseraede, and V. Metlushko,
  “High-density Arrays of Magnetic Ring Elements,”
  IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnoogy - IEEE-NANO 2003,
  San Francisco, California, August 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, Gary Bernstein, Patrick Fay, and Arpad Csurgay,
  “Toward Hyperspectral Nanoscale Sensor Arrays for CNN-UM,”
  CNN Technology Assessment Meeting,
  Budapest, Hungary, July 2003.

  ---

• Balazs Rakos, Arpad Csurgay, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Computing with Coulomb-Coupled and Pulse-Driven Molecular Arrays,”
  13th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors - HCIS13,
  Modena, Italy, July 2003.

  ---

• A. Imre, G. Csaba, V. Metlushko, G. H. Bernstein, and W. Porod,
  “Switching Behavior of Magnetically-Coupled Rings,”
  2003 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop,
  Kyoto, Japan, June 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod (Invited Plenary Panel),
  “Technical Directions Followed,”
  NanoEngineering World Forum,
  Boston, Massachusetts, June 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod (Invited),
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata: Emerging Nanoelectronic Device Technologies,”
  NanoEngineering World Forum,
  Boston, Massachusetts, June 2003.

  ---

• G. Csaba and W. Porod,
  “Restoration of Magnetization Distributions from Joint Magnetic Force Microscopy Measurements and Micromagnetic Simulations,”
  9th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE-9),
  Frascati (Rome), Italy, May 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Plenary Speaker),
  “Overview and Challenges of Nanotechnology,”
  “Advances of Nanotechnology: Nanotransistors and BioSensors,”
  27th Annual Great Lakes Biomedical Conference (GLBC),
  Racine, Wisconsin, April 2003.

  ---

• W. Porod and A. I. Csurgay,
  “Mathematical Modeling for Physically-Coupled Nanostructures,”
  4th Symposium on Mathematical Modeling (MATHMOD-4),
  Vienna, Austria, February 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Panelist),
  “Biologically-Inspired Cellular Machine Architectures,”
  NBIC Convergence (Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology, and Cognitive Science),
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California, February 2003.

  ---

• G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, V. Metlushko, and W. Porod,
  “Application of Magnetic Rings for Field-Coupled Computing,”
  Fourth International Symposium on Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems (NanoMES),
  Tempe, Arizona, February 2003.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Nanotechnology for Imaging: Opportunities and Challenges,”
  NANO 2002 Workshop: Data Analysis and Imaging,
  Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM)
  UCLA, Los Angeles, California, November 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Keynote Talk),
  “Nanoelectronics: Opportunities and Challenges,”
  IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Latin American Tour (Distinguished Lecturer Program),
  INAOE - National Institute for Astrophysics and Optics and Electroncis,
  Puebla, Mexico, November 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod,
  “Physical Structures for Computation,”
  Twenty-Five Years of Ultra-Small Electronics Research (USER) meeting,
  Kohala Koast, Hawaii, November 2002.

  ---

• G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Signal Processing with Coupled Ferromagnetic Dots,”
  IEEE-NANO' 2002, the Second IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology,
  Washington, D.C., August 2002.

  ---

• Arpad I. Csurgay and Wolfgang Porod,
  “The Circuit Paradigm in Modeling Coupled Nanomechanic-Nanoelectronic Dynamics,”
  IEEE-NANO' 2002, the Second IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology,
  Washington, D.C., August 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, György Csaba, and Arpad I. Csurgay, (Plenary Talk),
  “The Role of Field Coupling in Nano-Scale Cellular Nonlinear Networks,”
  7th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA 2002),
  Frankfurt/Main, Germany, July 2002.

  ---

• G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, and V. Metlushko,
  “Nanocomputing by Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  2002 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop,
  Honolulu, Hawaii, June 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod and Arpad I. Csurgay, (Invited),
  “Field-Coupled Devices for Nanoelectronic Integrated Circuits,"
  Italian Physical Society (INFM) Meeting,
  Bari, Italy, June 2002.

  ---

• Costa Gerousis, Stephen M. Goodnick, Wolfgang Porod and Arpad I. Csurgay,
  “Simulation of Single-Electron Tunneling Transistor Circuits,”
  Tutorial Session 'Nanoelectronic Circuits and Systems'
  2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
  Scottsdale, Arizona, May 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod and Arpad I. Csurgay,
  “The Circuit Paradigm in the Design of Systems Composed of Field-Coupled Nanodevices,
  Special Session 'Towards Nanoelectronic Integrated Circuits'
  2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
  Scottsdale, Arizona, May 2002.

  ---

• Costa Gerousis, Stephen M. Goodnick, Wolfgang Porod and Arpad I. Csurgay,
  “Simulation of Single-Electron Tunneling Transistor Circuits,”
  Special Session 'Towards Nanoelectronic Integrated Circuits'
  2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
  Scottsdale, Arizona, May 2002.

  ---

• György Csaba and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Design and Realizability of Logic Devices Based on Field-Coupled Nanomagnets,”
  March Meeting of the American Physical Society,
  Indianapolis, Indiana, March 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, György Csaba, and Arpad I. Csurgay, (Invited),
  “Field-Coupled Devices for Nanoelectronic Integrated Circuits,"
  First International Workshop on Quantum Dots for Quantum Computing and Classical Size Effect Circuits,
  Kochi, Japan, January 2002.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Circuit-Level Approaches for Field-Coupled Nano-Structures,”
  Molecular Architecture Workshop,
  University of Notre Dame, Indiana, November 2001.

  ---

• Arpad I. Csurgay and Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Toward Nanoelectronic Data Recording,”
  20th Audio Engineering Society International Conference,
  Budapest, Hungary, October 2001

  ---

  .
• György Csaba and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Simulation of field-coupled computing architectures based on magnetic dot arrays,”
  8th International Workshop on Computational Electronics, Beckman Institute,
  University of Illinois, October 2001.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, György Csaba, and Arpad I. Csuragy,
  “Field-Coupled Devices for Nanoelectronic Integrated Circuits,”
  IEEE-NANO' 2001, the First IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology,
  Outrigger Wailea Resort, Maui, Hawaii, October 2001.

  ---

• Arpad I. Csuragy and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Active Nanoelectronic Devices and Circuits,”
  Special Session 'The Circuit Paradigm in Nanoelectronics'
  European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'01,
  Espoo, Finland, August 2001.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Towards nanoelectronic circuits: CMOS, SET's, and QCA's,”
  2001 Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop,
  Kyoto, Japan, June 2001

  ---

• Gyorgy Csaba and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Computing Architectures for Magnetic Dot Arrays,”
  First International Conference and School on Spintronics and Quantum Information Technology,
  Maui, Hawaii, May 2001.

  ---

• W. Porod, M. Lieberman, G. H. Bernstein, G. J. Iafrate, J. L. Merz, C. S. Lent, G. L. Snider, T. P. Fehlner, M. Lieberman, G. V. Hartland, O. G. Wiest, and P. M. Kogge,
  “Molecular Quantum- dot Cellular Automata,”
  DARPA MoleTronics Program Review,
  Santa Fe, New Mexico, March 2001.

  ---

• W. Porod,
  “Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Advanced Heterostructure Workshop,
  Kohala Koast, Hawaii, December 2000.

  ---

• A. Csurgay and W. Porod, (Invited),
  “Nanoelectronic circuits: modeling - simulation - realizability,”
  Kleinheubacher Tagung 2000,
  Kleinheubach am Main, Germany, September 2000.

  ---

• C. S. Lent, M. Lieberman, G. H. Bernstein, G. J. Iafrate, J. L. Merz, W. Porod, G. L. Snider, T. P. Fehlner, M. Lieberman, G. V. Hartland, O. G. Wiest, and P. M. Kogge,
  “Molecular Quantum- dot Cellular Automata,”
  DARPA Molecular Electronics Program Review,
  Lake Tahoe, California, August 2001.

  ---

• Xiaohui Wang and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Single-Electron Transistor Analytic I-V Model for SPICE Simulations,”
  Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop,
  Honolulu, Hawaii, June 2000.

  ---

• Xiaohui Wang and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Analytic I-V Model for Single-Electron Transistors,”
  Seventh International Workshop on Computational Electronics,
  Glasgow, Scotland, May 2000.

  ---

• Arpad I. Csurgay and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Toward Nanoelectronic Systems Integration,”
  presented in the Special Session ‘Towards Nanoelectronics’
  2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century,
  Geneva, Switzerland, May 2000.

  ---

• C. Gerousis, X. Wang, G. Toth, S. M. Goodnick, W. Porod, C. S. Lent, and A. I. Csurgay,
  “Modeling Nanoelectronic CNN Cells: CMOS, SETs and QCAs,”
  presented in the Special Session ‘Towards Nanoelectronics’
  2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century,
  Geneva, Switzerland, May 2000.

  ---

• A. I. Csurgay and W. Porod, Special Session
  “Network Representation of Coupled Molecular Arrays,”
  Proceedings of the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD’99,
  ed. by C. Beccari, M. Biey, P.P. Civalleri, and M. Gilli, pp. 815-818;
  ‘Opportunities and Challenges for Nanoelectronics’ at the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'99,
  Stresa, Italy, August/September 1999.
  

  ---

• C. Gerousis, X. Wang, G. Toth, S. M. Goodnick, W. Porod, C. S. Lent, and A. I. Csurgay, Special Session
  “Modeling Nanoelectronic CNN Cells: CMOS, SETs and QCAs,”
  Proceedings of the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD’99,
  ed. by C. Beccari, M. Biey, P.P. Civalleri, and M. Gilli, pp. 835-838;
  ‘Opportunities and Challenges for Nanoelectronics’ at the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'99,
  Stresa, Italy, August/September 1999.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata: Line and Majority Logic Gate,”
  International Microprocess and Nanotechnology Conference,
  July 1999.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata: Review and Perspective,”
  4th MEL-ARI / NID Workshop
  (Nanoscale Information Devices cluster within the European ESPRIT Mircoelectronics Advanced Research Initiative),
  Duisburg, Germany, July 7-9, 1999.

  ---

• Xiaohui Wang and Wolfgang Porod,
  “A Low Power Charge-Recycling CMOS Clock Buffer,”
  extended abstract published in Proceedings of the Ninth Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI,
  ed. by R. J. Lomax and P. Mazumder, pp. 238-239;
  Ninth Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI,
  Ann Arbor, Michigan, March 1999.

  ---

• Arpad Csurgay, Wolfgang Porod, Craig Lent,
  “Why is Time-Varying Conrol Necessary for Signal Processing with Locally-Connected Quantum-Dot Arrays?,”
  abstract published in Proceedings of the Ninth Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI,
  ed. by R. J. Lomax and P. Mazumder, p. 122;
  Ninth Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI,
  Ann Arbor, Michigan, March 1999.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Experimental Demonstration of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Fourth International Symposium on New Phenomena in Mesoscopic Structures - NPMS'98,
  Kauai, Hawaii, December 1998.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Silicon-based Nano- electronics using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata,”
  DARPA ULTRA Program Review,
  Estes Park, Colorado, October 1998.

  ---

• Islamshah Amlani, Alexei O. Orlov, Gary H. Bernstein, Gregory L. Snider, Geza Toth, Craig S. Lent, and Wolfgang Porod (Invited),
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,“
  Proceedings of the Symposium on Giga Scale Integration Technology,
  ed. by M. A. Osman and O. O. Awadelkarim, pp. 15-23;
  Symposium on Giga Scale Integration Technology at the 35th Annual Technical Meeting of the Society for Engineering Science,
  Pullman, Washington, September 1998.

  ---

• Arpad Csurgay, Wolfgang Porod, Craig Lent, (Invited),
  “Signal Processing with Next-Neighbor- Coupled Time-Varying Quantum Cells,”
  Phantoms Strategic Domain Meeting - PHASDOM 98,
  Neuchatel, Switzerland, September 1998.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Devices and Architectures,”
  Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium ‘Nanostructures: Physics & Technology’,
  ed. by Zh. Alferov and L. Esaki, pp. 9 - 14;
  International Symposium “Nanostructures: Physics & Technology,”
  St. Petersburg, Russia, June 1998.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Quantum Dot Cellular Automata: Computing with Coupled Quantum-Dot Molecules,”
  abstract published in Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Vol. 43, No. 3, p. 1278;
  1998 APS Division of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Meeting,
  Santa Fe, New Mexico, May 1998.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Plenary Talk),
  “Towards Nanoelectronics: Possible CNN Implementations using Nanoelectronic Devices,”
  Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA’98),
  ed. by V. Tavsanoglu, pp. 20 - 25;
  5th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA'98),
  London, United Kingdom, April 1998.

  ---

• Craig S. Lent, Wolfgang Porod, James L. Merz, Gregory L. Snider, and Gary H. Bernstein, (Invited),
  “Nanoelectronics Using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata,”
  1998 Government Microcircuit Applications Conference - GOMAC'98,
  Arlington, Virginia, March 1998.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Demonstration of a Functional Cell for Quantum-dot Cellular Automata,”
  2nd International Workshop on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices,
  Kaanapalli, Maui, Hawaii, December 1997.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Demonstration of a Functional Cell for Quantum-dot Cellular Automata,”
  DARPA ULTRA Program Review,
  Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 1997.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, and W. Porod,
  “Demonstration of a Functional Cell for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  International Workshop on Nano-Physics and Electronics - NPE'97,
  Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan, September 1997.

  ---

• W. Porod, (Invited),
  “Computing with Coupled Quantum Dots: Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata and Cellular Nonlinear Networks,”
  Proceedings of the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD’97,
  ed. by A. I. Csurgay and T. Roska, pp. 248 - 253;
  ‘Towards Nanoelectronics’ at the European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design - ECCTD'97,
  Budapest, Hungary, August/September 1997.

  ---

• W. Porod, (Invited),
  “Modeling Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Devices and Architectures,”
  abstract published in Proceedings fo the Second NASA Device Modeling Workshop, ed. by S. Saini, p. 115;
  Second NASA Device Modeling Workshop,
  NASA Ames Research Center, California, August 1997.

  ---

• G. L. Snider, A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, W. Porod, and J. L. Merz,
  “Experimental Demonstration of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata,”
  Adriaticato Research Conference on STM-Based Lithography and Atomic Electronics,
  Trieste, Italy, July 1997.

  ---

• W. Porod, C. S. Lent, G. Toth, H. Luo, A. Csurgay, Y.-F. Huang, and R.-W. Liu, (Invited),
  “Quantum-Dot Cellular Nonlinear Networks: Computing with Locally-Connected Quantum Dot Arrays,”
  Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 745 - 748;
  1997 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems: Circuits and Systems in the Information Age,
  Hong Kong, June 1997.

  ---

• A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, W. Porod, and G. L. Snider,
  ‘”Experimental Demonstration of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,’”
  Device Research Conference,
  Fort Collins, Colorado, June 1997.

  ---

• Per Hyldgaard, Henry K. Harbury, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Electrostatic Formation of Coupled Si/ SiO2 Quantum Dot Systems,”
  Fifth International Workshop of Computational Electronics - IWCE-5,
  Notre Dame, Indiana, May 1997.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Coupled Quantum Dot Architectures,”
  Japanese Society for Promotion of Science - JSPS 10th Anniversary Symposium,
  Tokyo, Japan, January 1997.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Recent Progress in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Sixth Advanced Heterostructures Workshop - AHW6,
  Kona, Hawaii, December 1996.

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, Henry K. Harbury, and Craig S. Lent,
  “Study of Wave Phenomena in Physically- Coupled Device Arrays Using the Helmholtz Equation as a Model,”
  Fourth Workshop on Physics and Computation - PhysComp96,
  Boston, Massachusetts, November 1996.
  

  ---

• Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, Geza Toth, Weiwen Weng, Yuriy Brazhnik, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Quantum Cellular Neural Networks,”
  Fourth Workshop on Physics and Computation - PhysComp96,
  Boston, Massachusetts, November 1996.

  ---

• J. L. Merz, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, G. L. Snider, and W. Porod, (Invited),
  “Silicon Nanoelectronics,”
  DARPA ULTRA Program Review,
  Estes Park, Colorado, October 1996.
  

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Panelist),
  “Computing with Coupled Quantum Dots,”
  Mini-Symposium on Brain-like Micro- and Nano-Computation,
  Second World Congress of Nonlinear Analysis - WCNA'96,
  Athens, Greece, July 1996.
  

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Modeling Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Devices and Architectures,”
  Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. by M. Scheffler and R. Zimmermann, pp. 3251 - 3258;
  23rd International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors,
  Berlin, Germany, July 1996.

  ---

• A. O. Orlov, X. Zuo, G. Bazan, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, J. L. Merz, W. Porod, and G. L. Snider,
  “SiGe Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata,”
  Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop,
  Honolulu, Hawaii, June 1996.
  

  ---

• Wolfgang Porod, (Invited Plenary Lecture),
  “Quantum-Dot Devices and Quantum Cellular Automata,”
  Symposium on Visions of Nonlinear Science in the 21st Century,
  Sevilla, Spain, June 1996.

  ---

• Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, Wolfgang Porod, Greg Bazan, Gary H. Bernstein, Gregory L. Snider, Alexi Orlov, and James L. Merz,
  “Quantum-dot Cellular Automata: Theory and Experiment,”
  Third International Symposium on Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems,
  Santa Fe, New Mexico, May 1996.
  

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• Geza Toth, Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, Yuriy Brazhnik, Weiwen Weng, Wolfgang Porod, Ruey-Wen Liu, and Yih-Fang Huang,
  “Quantum Cellular Neural Networks,”
  Third International Symposium on Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems,
  Santa Fe, New Mexico, May 1996

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  .
• Minhan Chen and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Simulation of Quantum-Dot Structures in Si/SiO_2,''
  Fourth International Workshop on Computational Electronics ,
  Tempe, Arizona, October/November 1995.

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S.Lent,
  ``2D Finite Element Method Simulation of Lateral Resonant Tunneling Devices,''
  Fourth International Workshop on Computational Electronics ,
  Tempe, Arizona, October/November 1995.

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• Henry K. Harbury and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Parallel Computation for Electronic Waves in Quantum Corrals,''
  Fourth International Workshop on Computational Electronics ,
  Tempe, Arizona, October/November 1995.

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• P. Douglas Tougaw, Craig S. Lent, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Putting Quantum Dots to Work: Quantum Cellular Automata,”
  42nd National Symposium of the American Vacuum Society,
  Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 1995.

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• J. L. Merz, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, G. L. Snider, and W. Porod,
  “Silicon Nanoelectronics,”
  ARPA ULTRA Program Review,
  Boulder, Colorado, October 1995.

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• Wolfgang Porod, Craig S. Lent, and Gary H. Bernstein (Invited),
  "Quantum Cellular Automata,''
  ARPA ULTRA Program Review ,
  Boulder, Colorado, October 1995.

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• J. L. Merz, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, G. L. Snider, and W. Porod (Invited),
  ``Silicon Nanoelectronics,''
  ARPA ULTRA Program Review ,
  Boulder, Colorado, October 1995.

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• Wolfgang Porod (Invited),
  ``Quantum Cellular Automata: Computing with coupled quantum dots,''
  Phantoms Strategic Domain Meeting - PHASDOM 95 (Physics and Technology of Mesoscopic Structures) ,
  Cambridge, England, October 1995.

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• Wolfgang Porod (Invited Participant),
  ``Quantum Cellular Automata: Computing with coupled quantum dots,''
  International Symposium on Future Information Processing Technologies ,
  Porvoo, Finland, September 1995.

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• Zhi-an Shao, Wolfgang Porod, and Craig S. Lent,
  ``Valley Current Reduction in Lateral Resonant Tunneling,''
  Ninth International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors ,
  Chicago, Illinois, August 1995. [ ps ]

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• P. Douglas Tougaw, Craig S. Lent, and Wolfgang Porod,
  ``Switching of Quantum Cellular Automata,''
  Ninth International Conference on Hot Carriers in Semiconductors ,
  Chicago, Illinois, August 1995

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• Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, and Wolfgang Porod, (Invited),
  “Circuits with Quantum Cellular Automata,”
  Workshop on Circuit Architectures for Quantum Devices,
  Seattle, Washington, May 1995.

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• Craig S. Lent, P. Douglas Tougaw, and Wolfgang Porod,
  “Quantum Computation with Quantum Cellular Automata,”
  International Workshop on Mesoscopic Physics and Electronics '95,
  Tokyoa, Japan, March 1995.