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Detail of Andreas Cellarius’s Orbium Planetarum Terram Complectentium Scenographia in Harmonia Macrocosmica (Amsterdam, 1660), showing image in lower left corner: “Ptolemaic hypothesis.” Claudius Ptolemy was a mathematician, astronomer, and geographer who lived in Alexandria in Egypt. His dates are ca. 100 AD to 170 AD. Ptolemy’s conception of the universe, which closely resembled Plato’s, was dominant for the next fifteen centuries. |