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Introit for Lent III, Laon 239, fol. 30v (France, 10th century): neumes without staff Introit for Lent III, Graz 807, fol. 60v (Austria, 12th century): neumes on four-line staff with red F and yellow C lines Introit for Lent III, Bellelay Abbey, fol. 53v (Switzerland, 12th century): neumes on four-line staff Three sources of pre-quadratic Gregorian chant notation