Filtration - separates components of a mixture based upon differences in particle size. Normally separating a precipitate from a solution, or particles from an air stream.
Crystallization - separation based upon differences in solubility of components in a mixture.
Distillation - separation based upon differences in volatility.
Extraction - separation based upon differences in solubility in different solvents (major material).
Chromatography - separation based upon differences in solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase.
Common Separation Techniques
In the Laboratory
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