129. Principal Schools. -- Among the most notable schools were the following

In England, the abbey school of York (ALCUIN).

In the Low Countries, the chapter schools of Utrecht (ADALBODE); of Liége (RATHERUS, NOTGER, ADELMAN); of Tournai (ODO); the abbey schools of Lobbes (ERACLE); and of St. Lawrence (RUPERT OF DEUTZ).

In Germany, the school of Fulda (RHABAN MAUR); of Münster (LUDGER); of Salzburg (ARNOLPH); of St. Gall (NOTKER LABEO, died in 1022, translated into German the then known portions of the Organon, the De Consolatione Philosophiae of Boëthius, the De Nuptiis Mercurii et Philologiae of Martianus Capella); and of Reichenau (WALFRED STRABO).

In France especially, the palace school, made illustrious by ALCUIN, JOHN SCOTUS ERIUGENA, FREDEGIS (fl. 834), AGOBARD, CANDIDUS, RHABAN MAUR; the abbey schools of Tours (ALCUIN, REYNOLD OF TOURS); of Corbie (PASCHASIUS RADBERT); of Ferrières (LUPUS OF FERRIÈRES); of Cluny (ODO); of Bec (LANFRANC, ST. ANSELM); of Fleury (ABBO); of Auxerre (REMI and ERIC); the episcopal schools of Lyons, of Rheims (GERBERT); of Laon (ANSELM, fl. 1117, and RALPH). The schools of Chartres, under the wise direction of Bishop FULBERT (960-1028), the greatest teacher of his time, and of IVES OF CHARTRES (fl. 1115) after him, passed through two separate periods of unrivalled excellence. Ahead of all the other schools, they competed with those of Paris itself down to the middle of the twelfth century. ADELMAN OF LIÉGE and BERENGAR OF TOURS studied under Fulbert at Chartres. In the twelfth century, the chancellors, BERNARD OF CHARTRES, GILBERT DE LA PORRÉE and THEODERIC OF CHARTRES, were among the most remarkable personalities of their time. In the ninth century Paris was the seat of three schools, Ste. Geneviève, S. Germain des Prés and the Cathedral school. The fame of these went on increasing steadily until, about the middle of the twelfth century, the French metropolis began to attract the élite of the whole learned world, and by its superior lustre to extinguish gradually all rival centres of culture.