TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL THEORY OF GOVERNMENT The Paternal Function of Authority Authority as Cause of United Action The Volition of the Common Good II. DEMOCRATIC FREEDOM Universal Suffrage The Rule of the Majority The Party System The Instruments of Government The Democratic Transformation of the State III. AUTHORITY IN DEMOCRACY The Coach-Driver Theory Divine Right The Transmission Theory Authority in Democracy IV. DEMOCRATIC EQUALITY Equality as Unity of Nature Natural Inequality and Structural Inequality Equality of Opportunity Equality versus Exploitation V. DEMOCRACY AND TECHNOLOGY On Technological Society The Pursuit of Happiness and the Lust for Power The Training of Free Men Community Life versus Individualistic Loneliness INDEX

TWICE during the first half of the twentieth century, totalitarian systems have challenged the concept of democracy. These systems have put forward complete philosophies of man and the state, philosophies strong enough to inspire their followers with a crusading spirit.

Democracy has been on the defensive; it has been defended more and more often with the pragmatic argument. But this argument has proved no match for the competing systems. Democracy works, it is true -- but so did fascism, until it was destroyed from outside. The need for a philosophy that shows democracy to be grounded firmly on rational principles -- this need is apparent.

These considerations have prompted the Walgreen Foundation to issue a series of volumes setting forth the basic principles on which democracy rests. These books, it is hoped, will help people everywhere to understand the foundations of democracy and to realize that this system stands on those principles that are necessary to maintain human dignity.

The present volume is the second in the series.