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                       A Summary of Basic UNIX Commands
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How to use this summary:
1. Substitute your file/directory names for file1, file2, directory, etc.
2. Repeatable arguments are followed by ellispes (...).
3. Arguments in brackets [ ] are optional. Do not type the brackets.


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Starting up
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login        sign on the system

passwd       change login passwd

logout       sign off system


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Manipulating files and directories
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cat [-n, -v] [file]            concatenate and print
    Options: -n                numbers lines
             -v                prints invisible characters

cd [directory]                 change directory (to home directory if none
                               is specified)

cp file1 file2                 copy file1 to file2 (file1 still remains)
cp file1 [file2...] directory  make a copy of file1 [file2...] in directory

lpr [file...]                  send file to the printer
lpq                            check the printer queue
lprm [file...]                 remove file from the printer queue

ls [-a, -l, -F, -R] [file..., directory...] list files in current directory
                               (or just the named files, directories)
    Options: -a                list all files, including hidden files
             -l                list in long format
             -F                mark directories with `/' and executable 
                               programs with `*'
             -R                list recursively any subdirectories

mkdir directoryname            create a new directory

more [file...]                 view file on terminal, one screen at a time
                               press space bar for next screen, q to quit

mv file1 file12                rename file1 as file2
mv file... directory           move file... to directory
mv directory1 directory2       move directory1 into directory2

rm file...                     remove file...
rmdir directory                remove directory (which must be empty)

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Redirection operators
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command > file                 direct output of command to file (file will
                               be created if necessary)

command >> file                append output of command to file

command < file                 read from file for the input into command

command1 | command2            send output of command1 as input to command2


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Utilities
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alias                          list current alias definitions in use
alias abbreviation text        substitute text whenever abbreviation is
                               typed
unalias abbreviation           remove the alias definition for abbreviation

cal [month] year               print a calendar

cc [-c, -o name] file.c... [objfile.o...]  compile a C program from file.c
    Options: -c                create object file(s) file.o... only
             -o name           call program name instead of a.out

date                           print the date and time

grep pattern file...           print lines containing pattern in file...

head file...                   print first 10 lines of file...

mail                           read mail (type ? to see options, q to quit)
mail username...               send mail to username (end message with a
                               period at the beginning of the line)

man command                    display on-line manual page for command

pwd                            print working directory

tail file...                   print last 10 lines of file...

vi [file...]                   edit file... with full screen (visual)
                               editor