By the late fourth century in the Christian
East and the fifth century in the Christian West the hymn
of the sanctus,
the "thrice-holy," of Isaiah
6:2-3 had entered into Christian eucharistic praying as an integral component.
But how, from where, and precisely when? This research seminar in early Christian
comparative liturgiology, of potential interest also to those in CJA and HC,
will investigate the origins of the anaphoral (= eucharistic prayer) use of
the sanctus and its function and theological meaning in various eucharistic
prayers
of East and West in the light of contemporary scholarship. In particular, this
course will focus on the recent scholarship of Bryan Spinks, Robert Taft, and
Gabriele Winkler.
Class Format
This seminar, primarily, is a close reading of
classical euchological texts of the Sanctus in original languages
and/or translations aided by the insights
of
modern liturgical scholarship. It will proceed in a graduate seminar fashion
in which each participant will make individual (assigned/chosen) contributions
toward a common goal. What this means, concretely, is that the members
of the seminar will depend upon each other as mutual teachers
who are responsible
individually for specific (assigned/chosen) topics although it is expected
that all will have
read the materials in question before each class session so that the discussion
will be an informed one.
Goals and Objectives
This course intends to assist doctoral
students in Liturgical Studies and others in acquiring:
A thorough knowledge of the origins, evolution, and theology
of the Sanctus according to its various expressions
within the anaphoral traditions
of the
diverse Ecclesial Rites of the Church in the patristic period;
Greater
facility in doing liturgical research at the doctoral
level.
Course Requirements
The above goals and objectives will be
met by:
Attendance at and participation in all class sessions;
Keeping
up with the Assigned Required Reading;
A Series of Short
(4-5 page) Seminar-Style Reports and Summaries of key essays
and other texts dealing with the development and theology
of the Sanctus. These reports are
to be delivered orally and are
to be photo-copied
for distribution
to the rest of the class at the time of the oral presentation.
(Note: summaries/reports are not only to be descriptive
but
also evaluative of contents and it is
assumed that the TEXT(S) of the prayers as included
in Prex Eucharistica and/or other
collections are of major importance).
A Research paper
of journal article length and quality chosen in consultation
with the instructor. This paper
will be presented
to the
class during
the last few weeks of the course.
Required Texts
Bryan Spinks,
The Sanctus in the Eucharistic Prayer (Cambridge 1991).
Gabriele
Winkler, Das Sanctus. Über den Ursprung und die Anfänge
des Sanctus und sein Fortwirken, Orientalia Christiana
Analecta 267 (Rome 2002).
Photo-copied course packet
available from the Copy Shop, Third Floor O’Shag.
Highly Recommended
A. Hänggi and I. Pahl (eds.), Prex
Eucharistica: Textus e variis liturgiis antiquioribus
selecti, 2nd edition, Spicilegium Fribrugense 12 (Fribourg: Éditions
Universitaires Fribourg Suisse, 1968).
R.C.D.Jasper
and G.J Cuming (eds.), Prayers of the Eucharist: Early
and Reformed, 3rd Edition (The Liturgical Press, Pueblo:
Collegeville 1987).
Note: If students have not yet read P.
Bradshaw, The Search for the Origins of Christian Worship,
this should
be read
as early
as possible
in the
course.
Tentative Schedule of Classes and Topics
I. Introductory Materials
W,
Aug 27
A. Introduction to the Course, Selection of Report
and Research Topics
B. The Eucharistic Liturgy: Historical and Theological
Overview I
W, Sept 3
The Eucharistic Liturgy:
Historical and Theological Overview II
W, Sept 10
Previous
Approaches to the Question of the Anaphoral use of the
Sanctus
E.C. Ratcliff, "The Sanctus and the Pattern of
the Early Anaphora," Journal
of Ecclesiastical History 1 (1950):
29-36, 125-134 (in course packet): __________________;
T. Talley, "Sources and Structures of the Eucharistic
Prayer," in idem., Worship: Reforming Tradition (The
Pastoral Press: Washington D.C. 1990), pp. 11-34 (in course
packet): _______________.
1.
For Report and/or Summary
II. Unit One: Bryan
Spinks, The Sanctus in the Eucharistic Prayer
W, Sept 17
Introduction and Chapter 1: ________________________
Chapter 2 and B. Spinks, "The Jewish Liturgical Sources for the Sanctus," The
Heythrop Journal 21 (1980): 168-179
(in course packet): _______________________
III.
UNIT TWO: Robert Taft, S.J., "The Interpolation
of the Sanctus into the Anaphora: When and Where?
A Review of the Dossier”
W, Oct. 8 (cont.)
Robert Taft, S.J., "The Interpolation of the
Sanctus into the Anaphora: When and Where? A Review
of the Dossier," Part
I, Orientalia Christiana Periodica 57
(1991) 281-308 (in course packet): ______________________________.
W,
Oct. 15
Robert Taft, S.J., "The Interpolation
of the Sanctus into the Anaphora: When and
Where? A Review of the Dossier," Part
II, Orientalia Christiana Periodica 58 (1992) 531-552 (course packet) ___________________________.
M.
E. Johnson, , "The Archaic Nature of the Sanctus,
Institution Narrative, and Epiclesis of the Logos in the
Anaphora Ascribed
to Sarapion of Thmuis," in
R. Taft (ed.), The Christian
East: Its Institutions & Its
Thought, OCA 251 (Rome 1996):
671-702 (in course packet): ___________________
Discussion of the approaches of
Spinks and Taft.
October 18 – October 26:
Mid-semester Break
IV. Unit Three: Gabriele Winkler,
Das Sanctus
Other Winkler related texts in course packet:
G. Winkler, "Weitere
Beobachtungen zur frühen Epiklese (den Doxologien
und dem Sanctus), Über die Bedeutung
der Apokryphen für die Erforschung
der Entwicklung der Riten," Oriens
Christianus 80 (1996), 177-200; and
M.E. Johnson, "The Origins of
the Anaphoral use of the Sanctus
and Epiclesis Revisited: The Contribution
of Gabriele Winkler and its Implications," in
H-J. Feulner, E.Velkovska, and
R. Taft (eds.), Crossroad
of Cultures:
Studies in Liturgy and Patristics
in Honor of Gabriele Winkler, Orientalia Christiana
Analecta 260 (Rome: Pontifical
Oriental Institute, 2000), pp.
405-442.
W, OCT.
29
Pp. 5 – 31: _________________________;
Pp. 31-69: __________________.
W,
NOV. 5
Pp. 69-115: __________________________;
Pp. 115-128:
________________________.
W, NOV. 12
Pp. 128 – 167:
________________________;
Pp.
167-195: ____________________.
W, NOV. 19
Pp. 195-218: __________________________;
Pp. 218 – 242:
_________________________.
W, NOV. 26
Pp. 242-249: _______________________;
Pp. 249-267: ___________________.
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