{
    "q1": {
        "type": "blank", 
        "question": "\n<strong>\n\nModern operating systems use a basic technique known as ____, which allows\nusers to run as many concurrent processes as they would like on a single\n____.  To do this, the OS will need to employ low-level ____ or methods\nsuch as a ____, which gives the OS the ability to stop one program and start\nanother on a given CPU.  Additionally, on top of these methods, the OS will\nneed to provide intelligence in the form of ____ or algorithms that make\ndecisions within the OS.\n\n</strong>\n"
    }, 
    "q3": {
        "type": "blank", 
        "question": "\n<strong>A process be in three different states:</strong>\n\n<ol>\n\n  <li><b>The ____ state is where a process can be ran, but for some reason\n  the OS has chosen not to run it at the current moment.</b></li>\n\n  <li><b>The ____ state is where a process has performed some kind of\n  operation that makes it unavailable to be ran until another even takes\n  place.</b></li>\n\n  <li><b>The ____ state is where a process is actively executing on a processor</b></li>\n\n</ol>\n"
    }, 
    "q2": {
        "type": "multiple", 
        "question": "\n<strong>\n\nWhen a program is executed, the operating system must do which of the\nfollowing tasks (choose all that apply)?\n\n</strong>\n", 
        "responses": {
            "code": "Load code and static data in memory.", 
            "compile": "Compile the code.", 
            "init": "Signal the init process.", 
            "fs": "Allocate space on the hard drive.", 
            "kill": "Kill an existing process.", 
            "io": "Setup I/O or file descriptors.", 
            "main": "Jump to the <tt>main()</tt> routine.", 
            "stack": "Create and initialize the stack and heap."
        }
    }, 
    "q5": {
        "type": "order", 
        "question": "\n<strong>\n\nSuppose our user application wishes to open a file for reading.  Order the\nfollowing events:\n\n</strong>\n", 
        "responses": {
            "jump": "Hardware jumps to trap handler.", 
            "handler": "OS handles track by doing work of syscall.", 
            "return": "OS returns-from-trap.", 
            "trap": "Hardware receives trap.", 
            "syscall": "User application calls <tt>open()</tt> system call.", 
            "kernelmode": "Hardware moves to kernel mode.", 
            "registers": "Hardware saves registers to kernel stack."
        }
    }, 
    "q4": {
        "type": "blank", 
        "question": "<strong>\n\nThe <tt>struct task_struct</tt> in the Linux source code is the data\nstructure that corresponds to what the book calls a ____.  Each individual\nstructure is also known as a ____.  In Linux, the <tt>struct\ntask_struct</tt> has members such as:\n\n</strong>\n  \n<ul>\n  <li>____: Records the unique identifier for the process.</li> \n  <li>____: Tracks the open files.</li> \n  <li>____: Contains the CPU-specific state of the task.</li> \n</ul>\n"
    }, 
    "q7": {
        "type": "multiple", 
        "question": "<strong>\n\nDuring a context switch, what information must be saved and restored\n(choose all that apply)?\n\n</strong>\n", 
        "responses": {
            "files": "Open files", 
            "pc": "Program counter", 
            "registers": "General purpose registers", 
            "ksp": "Kernel stack pointer", 
            "memory": "Address space"
        }
    }, 
    "q6": {
        "type": "blank", 
        "question": "\n<strong>\n  \nOn early versions of the Macintosh operating system, the OS used a ____\napproach where the OS trusts the processes of the system to behave\nreasonably.  Of course, this was a terrible idea, so modern operating\nsystems now utilize a ____ to raise a CPU exception, halt the current\nprocess, and load a pre-configured ____ in the OS.  When this happens, the\n____ needs to make a decision on which process to run next.  If it chooses\nto execute another process, then the OS must perform a ____.\n</strong>\n"
    }, 
    "q8": {
        "type": "multiple", 
        "question": "<strong>\n\nUnix sockets are like normal internet sockets except that (choose all that apply):\n\n</strong>\n", 
        "responses": {
            "read": "Unix sockets are file descriptors while internet sockets are not.", 
            "unix": "Unix sockets can only be used to communicate between two remote unix systems.", 
            "fs": "Unix sockets exist in the local filesystem namespace.", 
            "oneway": "Unix sockets are one-way communication channels like pipes."
        }
    }
}