// Alexandri Zavodny
// CSE 40166: Computer Graphics, Fall 2010
// Example: simple vehicle with hierarchical matrix structure


#include <math.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

#include "point.h"

using namespace std;

#define WHEEL_UP 3
#define WHEEL_DOWN 4

#define TEXT(x,y,str) { glRasterPos2f(x,y); for(const char *c = str; *c != '\0'; c++) { glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13, *c); }}
#define TEXT_FONT(x,y,str, font) { glRasterPos2f(x,y); for(const char *c = str; *c != '\0'; c++) { glutBitmapCharacter(font, *c); }}

// GLOBAL VARIABLES ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

static size_t windowWidth = 800;
static size_t windowHeight = 480;
static float aspectRatio;

static float sidebarPercent = 0.3;


GLint leftMouseButton, 
        rightMouseButton,
        midMouseButton;                     //status of the mouse buttons
int mouseX = 0, mouseY = 0;                 //last known X and Y of the mouse

Point cameraTPR, cameraXYZ;                 //camera position in spherical and 
                                            //cartesian coordinates

GLUquadric *quad = NULL;                    //allocate this once at the start
                                            //of the program and re-use it!

bool arrowKeyStates[4] = {false};           //boolean vector which determines
                                            //whether an arrow key has been 
                                            //held down.  [0-3] = [left, right, up, down]

Point carPosition;
float carTheta;
float carAnimationValue = 0.0f;             //this value changes whenever the car gets moved, etc.
                                            //and the amount that it changes is based on distance moved.
                                            //we save one value and use it to rotate wheels and such
                                            //just so we don't have to save the rotation of each component
                                            //of the car.

int lastTime = 0;                           //update this each frame with glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME),
                                            //and compare it against the current result of glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME)
                                            //to see how much time has passed between frame renderings.

int selectedCommand = -1;

enum gl_command_name
{
    GL_TRANSLATE = 0,
    GL_ROTATE,
    GL_SCALE,
};

typedef struct _glCommand
{
    _glCommand(enum gl_command_name cn, float a1, float a2, float a3, float a4)
    : commandName(cn), arg1(a1), arg2(a2), arg3(a3), arg4(a4)
    {}

    enum gl_command_name commandName;
    float arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4;
} glCommand;


vector<glCommand> commandStack;


void executeGLCommand(glCommand c)
{
    if(c.commandName == GL_TRANSLATE) {
        glTranslatef(c.arg1, c.arg2, c.arg3);
    } else if(c.commandName == GL_ROTATE) {
        glRotatef(c.arg1, c.arg2, c.arg3, c.arg4);
    } else if(c.commandName == GL_SCALE) {
        glScalef(c.arg1, c.arg2, c.arg3);
    }
}

const char *glCommandString(enum gl_command_name cn)
{
    switch(cn)
    {
        case GL_TRANSLATE:
            return "glTranslatef";
        case GL_ROTATE:
            return "glRotatef";
        case GL_SCALE:
            return "glScalef";
        default:
            return "undefined";
    }
}

string glCommandFullString(glCommand c)
{
    stringstream str(stringstream::in | stringstream::out);

    string def = glCommandString(c.commandName);
    
    if(c.commandName == GL_TRANSLATE || c.commandName == GL_SCALE)
    {
        str << def << "(" << c.arg1 << ", " << c.arg2 << ", " << c.arg3 << ")";
    } else if(c.commandName == GL_ROTATE) {
        str << def << "(" << c.arg1 << ", " << c.arg2 << ", " << c.arg3 << ", " << c.arg4 << ")";
    }

    return str.str();
}

// recomputeOrientation() //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// This function updates the camera's position in cartesian coordinates based 
//  on its position in spherical coordinates. Should be called every time 
//  cameraTPR.x, cameraTPR.y, or cameraTPR.z is updated. 
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void recomputeOrientation()
{
    cameraXYZ.x = cameraTPR.z *  sinf(cameraTPR.x)*sinf(cameraTPR.y);
    cameraXYZ.z = cameraTPR.z * -cosf(cameraTPR.x)*sinf(cameraTPR.y);
    cameraXYZ.y = cameraTPR.z * -cosf(cameraTPR.y);

    glutPostRedisplay();
}

// resizeWindow() //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  GLUT callback for window resizing. Resets GL_PROJECTION matrix and viewport.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void resizeWindow(int w, int h)
{
    aspectRatio = w / (float)h * (1 - sidebarPercent);

    windowWidth = w;
    windowHeight = h;

    //update the viewport to fill the window
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);

    //update the projection matrix with the new window properties
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(45.0,aspectRatio,0.1,100000);
}

// drawAxes() //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Draw the set of axes at the origin, and of unit scale.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void drawAxes(bool makeGrey)
{
    glPushAttrib(GL_LIGHTING_BIT);
    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);

    glBegin(GL_LINES);
        if(makeGrey)    glColor3f(0.5,0.25,0.25);
        else            glColor3f(1,0,0);
        glVertex3f(0,0,0); glVertex3f(1,0,0);
        if(makeGrey)    glColor3f(0.25,0.125,0.125);
        else            glColor3f(0.5,0,0);
        glVertex3f(0,0,0); glVertex3f(-1,0,0);

        if(makeGrey)    glColor3f(0.25,0.5,0.25);
        else            glColor3f(0,1,0);
        glVertex3f(0,0,0); glVertex3f(0,1,0);
        if(makeGrey)    glColor3f(0.125,0.25,0.125);
        else            glColor3f(0,0.5,0);
        glVertex3f(0,0,0); glVertex3f(0,-1,0);

        if(makeGrey)    glColor3f(0.25,0.25,0.5);
        else            glColor3f(0,0,1);
        glVertex3f(0,0,0); glVertex3f(0,0,1);
        if(makeGrey)    glColor3f(0.125,0.125,0.25);
        else            glColor3f(0,0,0.5);
        glVertex3f(0,0,0); glVertex3f(0,0,-1);
    glEnd();

    glPopAttrib();
}

// drawGrid() //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Draws a 10x10 grid around the origin in the XZ plane. Just to give the scene
//      a sense of scale.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void drawGrid()
{
    glPushAttrib(GL_LIGHTING_BIT);
    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);


    for(int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
    {
        for(int i = -5; i < 6; i++)
        {
            glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
            for(int j = -5; j < 6; j++)
                glVertex3f(k==0?i:j, 0, k==0?j:i);
            glEnd();
        }
    }

    glPopAttrib();
}


// drawSolidBox() //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Draws a solid box of the specified dimensions at the current point.
//  Uses glutSolidCube to draw something that has appropriate normals, texture
//      coordinates, etc., but since glutSolidCube can only draw a cube, we push
//      and pop a scale matrix so that the cube gets drawn as a box with 
//      specified dimensions. We do this instead in a function just so that
//      we don't have to worry about glScalef affecting our other matrices later.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void drawSolidBox(float xSize, float ySize, float zSize)
{
    glPushMatrix();
        glScalef(xSize, ySize, zSize);
        glutSolidCube(1.0f);
    glPopMatrix();
}


// mouseCallback() /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  GLUT callback for mouse clicks. We save the state of the mouse button
//      when this is called so that we can check the status of the mouse
//      buttons inside the motion callback (whether they are up or down).
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void mouseCallback(int button, int state, int thisX, int thisY)
{
    //update the left and right mouse button states, if applicable
    if(button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON)
        leftMouseButton = state;
    else if(button == GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON)
        rightMouseButton = state;
    else if(button == GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON)
        midMouseButton = state;

    if(button == WHEEL_UP)
    {
        cameraTPR.z += 0.05;
        recomputeOrientation();
    }

    if(button == WHEEL_DOWN)
    {
        cameraTPR.z -= 0.05;
        if(cameraTPR.z < 1) cameraTPR.z = 1;
        recomputeOrientation();
    }

    //and update the last seen X and Y coordinates of the mouse
    mouseX = thisX;
    mouseY = thisY;
}

void passiveMouseMotion(int x, int y)
{
    if(x < windowWidth*sidebarPercent)
    {
        int elementUnderMouse = -1;
        float yp = (windowHeight-y) / (float)windowHeight;
        elementUnderMouse = (int)((yp*100.0 - 2.5f) / 5.0f);
        if(elementUnderMouse < (int)commandStack.size())
            selectedCommand = elementUnderMouse;
        else
            selectedCommand = -1;
    } else {
        selectedCommand = -1;
    }
}

// mouseMotion() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  GLUT callback for mouse movement. We update cameraTPR.y, cameraTPR.x, and/or
//      cameraTPR.z based on how much the user has moved the mouse in the
//      X or Y directions (in screen space) and whether they have held down
//      the left or right mouse buttons. If the user hasn't held down any
//      buttons, the function just updates the last seen mouse X and Y coords.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void mouseMotion(int x, int y)
{
    if(leftMouseButton == GLUT_DOWN)
    {
        cameraTPR.x += (x - mouseX)*0.005;
        cameraTPR.y += (y - mouseY)*0.005;

        // make sure that phi stays within the range (0, M_PI)
        if(cameraTPR.y <= 0)
            cameraTPR.y = 0+0.001;
        if(cameraTPR.y >= M_PI)
            cameraTPR.y = M_PI-0.001;
        
        
        recomputeOrientation();     //update camera (x,y,z) based on (radius,theta,phi)
    } else if(rightMouseButton == GLUT_DOWN || midMouseButton == GLUT_DOWN) {
        double totalChangeSq = (x - mouseX) + (y - mouseY);
        
        cameraTPR.z += totalChangeSq*0.01;
        
        //limit the camera radius to some reasonable values so the user can't get lost
        if(cameraTPR.z < 1.0) 
            cameraTPR.z = 1.0;
        if(cameraTPR.z > 40.0) 
            cameraTPR.z = 40.0;

        recomputeOrientation();     //update camera (x,y,z) based on (radius,theta,phi)
    }
    mouseX = x;
    mouseY = y;
}



// initScene() /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  A basic scene initialization function; should be called once after the
//      OpenGL context has been created. Doesn't need to be called further.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void initScene() 
{
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    float lightCol[4] = { 1, 1, 1, 1};
    float ambientCol[4] = {0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 1.0};
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,lightCol);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientCol);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);


    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
    //glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
}

// drawSidebar() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Draw the sidebar overlay, which contains a list of the current transforms.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void drawSidebar()
{
    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glPushMatrix();
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluOrtho2D(0, 20, 0, 100);

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glPushMatrix();
    glLoadIdentity();
    glViewport(0,0, windowWidth*sidebarPercent, windowHeight);

    glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
    glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
        glVertex2f(0,0);
        glVertex2f(0,100);
        glVertex2f(20,100);
        glVertex2f(20,0);
    glEnd();
    glColor3f(0.2,0.2,0.2);
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
        glVertex2f(0,0);
        glVertex2f(0,100);
        glVertex2f(19.8,100);
        glVertex2f(19.8,0);
    glEnd();

    glColor3f(0.6,0.6,0.6);
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
        glVertex2f(0,0);
        glVertex2f(0,100);
        glVertex2f(19.7,100);
        glVertex2f(19.7,0);
    glEnd();



    //draw the current stack contents.
    for(size_t i = 0; i < commandStack.size(); i++)
    {
        float startingY = i*5 + 5;
        //TEXT(2, startingY, glCommandString(commandStack.at(i).commandName));

        if((int)i == selectedCommand)    glColor3f(1,0,0);
        else                        glColor3f(0,0,0);
        TEXT(1.2, startingY, glCommandFullString(commandStack.at(i)).c_str());
    }


    glPopMatrix();
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glPopMatrix();

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glViewport(0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}

// renderScene() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  GLUT callback for scene rendering. Sets up the modelview matrix, renders
//      a teapot to the back buffer, and switches the back buffer with the
//      front buffer (what the user sees).
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void renderScene(void) 
{
    int currentTime = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
    lastTime = currentTime;

    //update the modelview matrix based on the camera's position
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glViewport(windowWidth*sidebarPercent, 0, (1-sidebarPercent)*windowWidth, windowHeight);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);         //make sure we aren't changing the projection matrix!
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(cameraXYZ.x, cameraXYZ.y, cameraXYZ.z,    //camera is located at (x,y,z)
                0, 0, 0,                                //camera is looking at (0,0,0)
                0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);                        //up vector is (0,1,0) (positive Y)

    float lPosition[4] = { 10, 10, 10, 1 };
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,lPosition);

    //clear the render buffer
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glLineWidth(1.0f);
    drawGrid();
    glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glLineWidth(5.0f);
    drawAxes(false);

    //now, uh. go through and draw the axes after each transformation in the stack.
    glPushMatrix();
    for(int i = 0; i < (int)commandStack.size(); i++)
    {
        bool grey = false;
        if(selectedCommand != -1 && selectedCommand != i) grey = true;
        executeGLCommand(commandStack.at(i));
        drawAxes(grey);
    }

    glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
    glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glutSolidCube(1.0f);
    glPopMatrix();


    drawSidebar();

    //push the back buffer to the screen
    glutSwapBuffers();
}


// normalKeys() ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  GLUT keyboard callback.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void normalKeys(unsigned char key, int x, int y) 
{
    if(key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
        exit(0);

    if(key == 'w' || key == 'W')
    {
        size_t s = commandStack.size();
        if(s >= 2)
        {
            glCommand c = commandStack.at(s-2);
            commandStack.at(s-2) = commandStack.at(s-1);
            commandStack.at(s-1) = c;
        }
    }

    if(key == 't' || key == 'T')
        commandStack.push_back(glCommand(GL_TRANSLATE, 0, 0, 0, 0));

    if(key == 's' || key == 'S')
        commandStack.push_back(glCommand(GL_SCALE, 1, 1, 1, 0));

    if(key == 'r' || key == 'R')
        commandStack.push_back(glCommand(GL_ROTATE, 0, 1, 0, 0));

    if(key == 'x' || key == 'X')
    {
        if(!commandStack.empty()) 
        { 
            commandStack.pop_back();
            selectedCommand = -1;
        }
    }

    if(selectedCommand != -1)
    {
        glCommand *c = &commandStack.at(selectedCommand);
        if(c->commandName == GL_ROTATE)
        {
            if(key == 'y' || key == 'Y')    c->arg1 += 1 * (key == 'Y' ? 10 : 1);
            if(key == 'h' || key == 'H')    c->arg1 -= 1 * (key == 'H' ? 10 : 1);

            if(key == 'u' || key == 'U' || key == 'j' || key == 'J')    { c->arg2 = 1; c->arg3 = c->arg4 = 0; }
            if(key == 'i' || key == 'I' || key == 'k' || key == 'K')    { c->arg3 = 1; c->arg2 = c->arg4 = 0; }
            if(key == 'o' || key == 'O' || key == 'l' || key == 'L')    { c->arg4 = 1; c->arg2 = c->arg3 = 0; }
        } else {
            if(key == 'y' || key == 'Y')    c->arg1 += 0.1 * (key == 'Y' ? 10 : 1);
            if(key == 'h' || key == 'H')    c->arg1 -= 0.1 * (key == 'H' ? 10 : 1);

            if(key == 'u' || key == 'U')    c->arg2 += 0.1 * (key == 'U' ? 10 : 1);
            if(key == 'j' || key == 'J')    c->arg2 -= 0.1 * (key == 'J' ? 10 : 1);

            if(key == 'i' || key == 'I')    c->arg3 += 0.1 * (key == 'I' ? 10 : 1);
            if(key == 'k' || key == 'K')    c->arg3 -= 0.1 * (key == 'K' ? 10 : 1);

            if(key == 'o' || key == 'O')    c->arg4 += 0.1 * (key == 'O' ? 10 : 1);
            if(key == 'l' || key == 'L')    c->arg4 -= 0.1 * (key == 'L' ? 10 : 1);
        }
    }
}


// specialKeys() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  The GLUT callback for when arrow keys are pressed. Updates the status
//      array appropriately.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void specialKeys(int key, int x, int y)
{
    if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
        arrowKeyStates[0] = true;

    if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
        arrowKeyStates[1] = true;

    if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
        arrowKeyStates[2] = true;

    if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
        arrowKeyStates[3] = true;

    glutPostRedisplay();
}

// specialKeysUp() /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  The GLUT callback for when arrow keys are released. Updates the status
//      array appropriately.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void specialKeysUp(int key, int x, int y)
{
    if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
        arrowKeyStates[0] = false;

    if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
        arrowKeyStates[1] = false;

    if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
        arrowKeyStates[2] = false;

    if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
        arrowKeyStates[3] = false;
}


// main() //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Program entry point. Does not process command line arguments.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    //create a double-buffered GLUT window at (50,50) with predefined windowsize
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
    glutInitWindowPosition(50,50);
    glutInitWindowSize(windowWidth,windowHeight);
    glutCreateWindow("beep beep! it's not a jeep.");

    //give the camera a 'pretty' starting point!
    cameraTPR.z = 10.0f;
    cameraTPR.x = 2.80;
    cameraTPR.y = 2.0;
    recomputeOrientation();

    carPosition = Point(0,0.5,0);
    carTheta = 0.0f;
    quad = gluNewQuadric();

    //register callback functions...
    glutKeyboardFunc(normalKeys);
    glutSpecialFunc(specialKeys);
    glutSpecialUpFunc(specialKeysUp);
    glutDisplayFunc(renderScene);
    glutIdleFunc(renderScene);
    glutReshapeFunc(resizeWindow);
    glutMouseFunc(mouseCallback);
    glutMotionFunc(mouseMotion);
    glutPassiveMotionFunc(passiveMouseMotion);

    //do some basic OpenGL setup
    initScene();

    //and enter the GLUT loop, never to exit.
    glutMainLoop();

    return(0);
}