Table of Contents

Introduction

• 1. Definition of logic
• 2. Materials of logical order
• 3. Formal cause of logical order
• 4. Difference between psychology and logic
• 5. Final cause of logical order
• 6. Difference between logic and metaphysics
• 7. Logic may be regarded as a practical science or as an art
• 8. Divisions of logic

Chapter I

Efficient Cause of Logical Order

• 9. Origin and nature of the operations of the reasoning faculty
• 10. Multiplicity of the operations of the reasoning faculty. Their fundamental identity
• 11. The abstract character of concepts renders judgment and reasoning possible

Chapter II

The Matter or Material Cause of Logical Order

• 12. Object and division of Chapter II

Art. I. Concepts

§ 1. The concept, its object and Properties

• 13. Tbe concept in its logical aspect
• 14. By what right does logic concern itself with acts of mere apprehension?
• 15. Logical problems raised by the act of mere apprehension
• 16. Logical categories or predicaments
• 17. The predicables
• 18. Comprehension and extension of concepts
• 19. Relations of subordination between ideas in respect of their extension
• 20. Comparison of ideas in respect of their comprehension. Relation of identity and opposition

§ 2. Division of concepts

• 21. Principal heads of classification of concepts
• 22. Classification of ideas in respect of the object abstracted by the intellect
• 23. Classification of ideas in respect of their way of representing the object
• 24. Classification of cognitions. in respect of their origin or their formation

Art. II. Terms.

§ 1. The term, its object and properties

• 25. Object of the term
• 26. The ten parts of speech

§ 2 Classification of terms

• 27. Classification of terms

Chapter III

The Formal Cause of Logical Order

• 28. Preliminary note

Art. I. Judgment and Proposition

§ 1. Notion of the judgment and the proposition

• 29. The judgment and the proposition
• 30. Function of judgments and propositions in the intellectual life

§ 2. Judgments and propositions

• 31. General classification of propositions

I. Classification of Simple Propositions

• 32. First division of propositions: In respect of their matter
• 33. Two kinds of judgments in necessary matter
• 34. Synonymous designations of the foregoing
• 35. Second division of propositions: In respect of their form
• 36. Logical value of the predicate of a simple proposition
• 37. Third division of propositions: In respect of their quantity
• 38. Fourth division of propositions: In respect of their quality

II. Classification of Complex Propositions

• 39. Classification of complex propositions

§ 3. Relations between propositions

• 40. Relations between propositions
• 41. Equivalence of several propositions
• 42. Convertibility of propositions
• 43. Relations of opposition and subordination
• 44. Rules relating to the truth or falsity of opposed propositions
• 45. Rules relating to the truth or falsity of subordinate propositions
• 46. Immediate inferences

Art. II. Reasoning

• 47. Preliminary remarks. Object of Art. II

§ 1. Reasoning and the syllogism

• 48. Reasoning
• 49. The syllogism. Terminology
• 50. Nature and logical basis of the syllogism
• 51. Of what order is the necessity of the principles of the syllogism?
• 52. Logical first principles
• 53. Figures and modes of the syllogism
• 54. Rules of the syllogism
• 55. Range of the rules of the syllogism. Logic and truth

§ 2. Syllogisms

• 56. Preliminary remarks

I. Syllogisms Considered as to their Form

• 57. Division of syllogisms in regard to their form . .
• 58. Variety of the categorical syllogism
• 59. Nature and rules of the conditional syllogism
• 60. The conjunctive and the disjunctive syllogism
• 61. The exclusive syllogism
• 62. The dilemma

II. Syllogisms Considered as to their Matter

• 63. Preliminary remarks

Different Kinds of Demonstration

• 64. I. Primary Division
• 65. Conditions of a scientific demonstration
• 66. Proof of fact and causal demonstration
• 67. II. Demonstrations a priori and a posteriori
• 68. III. Circular or retrogressive demonstration
• 69. IV. Other accidental forms of demonstration

Probable Arguments

• 70. Probable arguments
• 71. I. Arguments from analogy: (1) The enthymeme
• 72. (2) The analogical induction, or analogy
• 73. (3) The example
• 74. II. Arguments from authority

Erroneous and Sophistical Arguments

• 75. False reasoning
• 76. False reasonings or sophisms
• 77. False reasonings properly so called: I. Sophisms of induction
• 78. II. Sophisms of deduction

Art. III. Scientific Systematisation

Preliminary Remarks

• 79. Science is a system
• 80. Scientific systematisation

§ 1. Scientific processes

• 81. I. Definition. Its function
• 82. Definitions of words and of things
• 83. Processes of definition. Synthesis. Analysis combined
• 84. Rules of definition
• 85. II. Division inseparable from definition
• 86. Rules of division and synthesis

§ 2. Method and methods

• 87. Method. Variety of scientific methods
• 88. I. The synthetic method
• 89. II. Method of the positive sciences. Its object
• 90. Stages of the inductive process
• 91. Inductive methods
• 92. Object of induction
• 93. Logical foundation of induction
• 94. The induction and the syllogism
• 95. Statistics. Their relation to indtiction
• 96. Analytico-synthetic method. Conclusion
• 97. The method of philosophy

Chapter IV

The Final Cause of Logical Order

Conclusion

• 98. Logic in the service of science and of truth
• 99. Definition of science